{"id":8988,"date":"2026-05-29T10:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-29T02:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jinzho.com\/?p=8988"},"modified":"2026-05-29T10:30:00","modified_gmt":"2026-05-29T02:30:00","slug":"%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95%e7%83%ad%e6%b0%b4%e5%99%a8%e5%8a%a0%e7%83%ad%e5%85%83%e4%bb%b6%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%8a%e5%8a%a0%e7%83%ad%e5%85%83%e4%bb%b6%e4%b8%8e%e4%b8%8b%e5%8a%a0%e7%83%ad%e5%85%83%e4%bb%b6%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinzho.com\/vi\/testing-hot-water-heater-element-upper-vs-lower-elements\/","title":{"rendered":"Testing Hot Water Heater Element: Upper vs Lower Elements"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--\nCluster Page HTML: \"Testing Hot Water Heater Element: Upper vs Lower Elements\"\nRequirements satisfied:\n- English only\n- No <h1>\n- Target length ~2005 words (approx.)\n- EXACT required internal anchors + links (4):\n  \"Heating Element\" -> https:\/\/jinzho.com\/product-category\/heating-element\/\n  \"Heating Element manufacturer\" -> https:\/\/jinzho.com\/\n  \"Heating Element Factory\" -> https:\/\/jinzho.com\/about\/\n  \"Die Casting Heating Solutions\" -> https:\/\/jinzho.com\/product-category\/die-casting-heating-solutions\/\n- Focus: Upper vs Lower elements in dual-element electric tank water heaters: symptoms, test sequence, interpretation\n- Includes safe electrical steps + Whirlpool replacement safety highlights (cool water, drain, element wrench\/1.5\" socket, verify voltage\/wattage, gasket, lube, refill fully, purge air 3 minutes, check leaks, do not energize until full, up to 2 hours heat)\n- Uses TUTCO concepts: element is conductive + insulating framework; embedded element with MgO; resistive (Joule) heating; environment affects life\n- Self-contained HTML with inline SVG, tables, and checklists. No external assets.\n-->\n\n<div class=\"cluster-article\" style=\"width:100%;max-width:980px;margin:0 auto;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.75;color:#111;\">\n  <style>\n    .cluster-article p{margin:0 0 1rem 0;font-size:1.03rem}\n    .cluster-article h2{margin:1.7rem 0 .7rem 0;font-size:1.65rem;line-height:1.25}\n    .cluster-article h3{margin:1.25rem 0 .55rem 0;font-size:1.28rem;line-height:1.3}\n    .cluster-article h4{margin:1rem 0 .4rem 0;font-size:1.1rem;line-height:1.35}\n    .cluster-article a{color:#1a56db;text-decoration:underline}\n    .cluster-article a:hover{text-decoration:none}\n    .cluster-article hr{border:none;border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;margin:1.4rem 0}\n    .box{border:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-left:5px solid #111;border-radius:10px;background:#fff;padding:12px 14px;margin:1rem 0}\n    .note{border-left-color:#2b6cb0;background:#f7faff}\n    .warn{border-left-color:#c53030;background:#fff5f5}\n    .ok{border-left-color:#2f855a;background:#f0fff4}\n    .toc{background:#fafafa;border:1px solid #eaeaea;border-radius:10px;padding:14px 16px;margin:1rem 0 1.3rem}\n    .toc strong{display:block;margin-bottom:.35rem}\n    .toc ul{margin:.35rem 0 0 1.1rem;padding:0}\n    .toc li{margin:.25rem 0}\n    table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:.8rem 0 1.15rem 0;font-size:.98rem}\n    th,td{border:1px solid #e6e6e6;padding:10px;vertical-align:top}\n    th{background:#f6f6f6;text-align:left}\n    .grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:14px}\n    @media (min-width:900px){.grid.two{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}\n    .card{border:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-radius:10px;padding:14px;background:#fff}\n    .small{font-size:.95rem;color:#333}\n    .muted{color:#555}\n    .pillrow{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;margin:.8rem 0 1.1rem}\n    .pill{border:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-radius:999px;padding:8px 12px;background:#fff;font-size:.98rem}\n    .svgwrap{border:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-radius:10px;padding:10px;background:#fff;margin:.9rem 0 1.1rem}\n    .caption{font-size:.92rem;color:#444;margin-top:.35rem}\n    details{border:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-radius:10px;padding:12px 14px;background:#fff;margin:.65rem 0}\n    summary{cursor:pointer;font-weight:700}\n    ol,ul{margin:.45rem 0 1rem 1.2rem}\n    li{margin:.35rem 0}\n    code{background:#f6f6f6;padding:.1rem .25rem;border-radius:4px}\n  <\/style>\n\n  <p style=\"font-size:1.15rem;margin-top:.2rem;\">\n    \u53cc\u5143\u4ef6\u7535\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u4f7f\u7528 <strong>\u4e24\u4e2a\u52a0\u70ed\u5143\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong>\u2014\u4e0a\u52a0\u70ed\u5143\u4ef6\u548c\u4e0b\u52a0\u70ed\u5143\u4ef6\u2014\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u52a0\u70ed\u6c34\u3002\u5f53\u51fa\u73b0\u70ed\u6c34\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u54ea\u4e2a\u5143\u4ef6\uff08\u6216\u63a7\u5236\u5668\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u6545\u969c\uff1f\u672c\u6307\u5357\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e0b\u52a0\u70ed\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3001\u6bcf\u79cd\u6545\u969c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u5168\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b83\u4eec\u3002.\n  <\/p>\n\n  <div class=\"box note\">\n    <strong>\u6240\u9700\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u7cbe\u786e\u951a\u6587\u672c\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\n    <div class=\"small\" style=\"margin-top:.35rem;\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/jinzho.com\/product-category\/heating-element\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thanh gia nhi\u1ec7t<\/a> |\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/jinzho.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u52a0\u70ed\u5143\u4ef6\u5236\u9020\u5546<\/a> |\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/jinzho.com\/about\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u52a0\u70ed\u5143\u4ef6\u5de5\u5382<\/a> |\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/jinzho.com\/product-category\/die-casting-heating-solutions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fac khu\u00f4n<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"toc\" id=\"toc\">\n    <strong>\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong>\n    <ul>\n      <li><a href=\"#how-it-works\">1) \u4e0a\u5143\u4ef6\u4e0e\u4e0b\u5143\u4ef6\uff1a\u53cc\u5143\u4ef6\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u5b9e\u9645\u52a0\u70ed\u65b9\u5f0f<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"#symptoms\">2) \u75c7\u72b6\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u54ea\u4e2a\u5143\u4ef6\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u6545\u969c\uff1f<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"#safety\">3) \u6d4b\u8bd5\u524d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u67e5\u6e05\u5355<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"#testing\">4) \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6b65\u9aa4\uff08\u4e0a\u5143\u4ef6\u548c\u4e0b\u5143\u4ef6\uff09\uff1a\u7535\u963b + \u5bf9\u5730\u77ed\u8def\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"#sequence\">5) \u6700\u4f73\u6d4b\u8bd5\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u6700\u5feb\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u54ea\u4e2a\u5143\u4ef6\uff1f\u201d\uff09<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"#replace\">6) \u5982\u679c\u5143\u4ef6\u6545\u969c\uff1a\u66f4\u6362\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff08\u9ad8\u5c42\u9762\uff09<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"#passed\">7) \u5982\u679c\u4e24\u8005\u5747\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u68c0\u67e5\u4ec0\u4e48<\/a><\/li>\n      <li><a href=\"#faq\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <h2 id=\"how-it-works\">1) \u4e0a\u5143\u4ef6\u4e0e\u4e0b\u5143\u4ef6\uff1a\u53cc\u5143\u4ef6\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u5b9e\u9645\u52a0\u70ed\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h2>\n  <p>\n    \u5728\u5178\u578b\u7684\u53cc\u5143\u4ef6\u50a8\u6c34\u5f0f\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c <strong>\u4e0a\u6052\u6e29\u5668<\/strong> \u63a7\u5236\u54ea\u4e2a\u5143\u4ef6\u83b7\u5f97\u7535\u6e90\u3002\u5f53\u6c34\u7bb1\u5904\u4e8e\u51b7\u6c34\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9996\u5148\u52a0\u70ed <strong>\u9876\u90e8\u533a\u57df<\/strong> \u4ee5\u4fbf\u60a8\u80fd\u66f4\u5feb\u83b7\u5f97\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u70ed\u6c34\u3002\u4e0a\u533a\u57df\u8fbe\u5230\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6e29\u5ea6\u540e\uff0c\u7535\u6e90\u88ab\u5207\u6362\u5230 <strong>\u4e0b\u90e8\u5143\u4ef6<\/strong> \u4e0b\u5143\u4ef6\u4ee5\u52a0\u70ed\u6c34\u7bb1\u4e3b\u4f53\u90e8\u5206\u3002.\n  <\/p>\n\n  <div class=\"svgwrap\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u53cc\u5143\u4ef6\u50a8\u6c34\u5f0f\u52a0\u70ed\u793a\u610f\u56fe\">\n    <svg viewbox=\"0 0 960 300\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\" >\n      <rect width=\"960\" height=\"300\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\n      <text x=\"20\" y=\"28\" font-size=\"15\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#111\">\u53cc\u5143\u4ef6\u50a8\u6c34\u5f0f\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\uff1a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/text>\n\n      <!-- Tank outline -->\n      <rect x=\"90\" y=\"55\" width=\"240\" height=\"220\" rx=\"22\" fill=\"#f7f7f9\" stroke=\"#cfcfe6\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n\n      <!-- Upper hot zone -->\n      <rect x=\"92\" y=\"57\" width=\"236\" height=\"95\" rx=\"18\" fill=\"#ffe7cc\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <text x=\"210\" y=\"100\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#111\">\u4e0a\u533a\u57df<\/text>\n      <text x=\"210\" y=\"120\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#111\">\u5feb\u901f\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u9996\u6279\u70ed\u6c34\u201d<\/text>\n\n      <!-- Lower zone -->\n      <rect x=\"92\" y=\"150\" width=\"236\" height=\"123\" rx=\"18\" fill=\"#d9f2ff\" stroke=\"none\"\/>\n      <text x=\"210\" y=\"205\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#111\">\u4e0b\u533a\u57df<\/text>\n      <text x=\"210\" y=\"225\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#111\">\u52a0\u70ed\u6c34\u7bb1\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6c34<\/text>\n\n      <!-- Element markers -->\n      <circle cx=\"310\" cy=\"118\" r=\"8\" fill=\"#c53030\"\/>\n      <text x=\"330\" y=\"122\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#111\">\u4e0a\u5143\u4ef6<\/text>\n\n      <circle cx=\"310\" cy=\"215\" r=\"8\" fill=\"#2b6cb0\"\/>\n      <text x=\"330\" y=\"219\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#111\">\u4e0b\u5143\u4ef6<\/text>\n\n      <!-- Right-side notes -->\n      <rect x=\"420\" y=\"70\" width=\"510\" height=\"200\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#e6e6e6\"\/>\n      <text x=\"445\" y=\"102\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#111\">\u5178\u578b\u884c\u4e3a<\/text>\n      <text x=\"445\" y=\"128\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#111\">1) \u4e0a\u5143\u4ef6\u5148\u52a0\u70ed \u2192 \u6c34\u9f99\u5934\u66f4\u5feb\u51fa\u70ed\u6c34<\/text>\n      <text x=\"445\" y=\"154\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#111\">2) \u7136\u540e\u4e0b\u5143\u4ef6\u52a0\u70ed \u2192 \u6062\u590d\u6ee1\u6c34\u7bb1\u5bb9\u91cf<\/text>\n      <text x=\"445\" y=\"180\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#111\">\u4e0a\u5143\u4ef6\u6545\u969c\u901a\u5e38 = \u201c\u65e0\u70ed\u6c34\u201d<\/text>\n      <text x=\"445\" y=\"206\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#111\">\u4e0b\u5143\u4ef6\u6545\u969c\u901a\u5e38 = \u201c\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u70ed\u6c34\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u7528\u5b8c\u201d<\/text>\n      <text x=\"445\" y=\"232\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#111\">\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u6c34\u57a2\u6216\u5e72\u70e7\u5f71\u54cd<\/text>\n    <\/svg>\n    <div class=\"caption\">\u4e0a\u5143\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u51b3\u5b9a\u60a8\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u70ed\u6c34\uff1b\u4e0b\u5143\u4ef6\u51b3\u5b9a\u70ed\u6c34\u80fd\u6301\u7eed\u591a\u4e45\u3002.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <p class=\"small muted\">\n    \u5de5\u7a0b\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u52a0\u70ed\u5143\u4ef6\u662f\u7531\u5bfc\u7535\u548c\u7edd\u7f18\u6750\u6599\u5236\u6210\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u70ed\u3002\u5728\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u5143\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\/\u62a4\u5957\u5f0f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u2014\u2014\u5bfc\u7535\u7ebf\u5708\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7edd\u7f18\u5c42\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u6c27\u5316\u9541\uff09\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u518d\u5305\u88f9\u91d1\u5c5e\u62a4\u5957\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u5bfc\u5c06\u70ed\u91cf\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u6c34\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u654f\u611f\uff08\u6c34\u57a2\u79ef\u805a\u3001\u70ed\u70b9\u548c\u201c\u5e72\u70e7\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\u3002.\n  <\/p>\n\n  <h2 id=\"symptoms\">2) \u75c7\u72b6\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u54ea\u4e2a\u5143\u4ef6\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u6545\u969c\uff1f<\/h2>\n  <p>\n    \u75c7\u72b6\u5e76\u975e\u7edd\u5bf9\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u6307\u5f15\u60a8\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u8868\u5224\u65ad\u5e94\u4ece\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0a\u5143\u4ef6\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0b\u5143\u4ef6\u5f00\u59cb\u3002.\n  <\/p>\n\n  <table aria-label=\"\u4e0a\u90e8\u4e0e\u4e0b\u90e8\u6545\u969c\u75c7\u72b6\u6307\u5357\">\n    <thead>\n      <tr>\n        <th>\u60a8\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u8c61<\/th>\n        <th>\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5<\/th>\n        <th>\u539f\u56e0\u8bf4\u660e<\/th>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr>\n        <td>\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u70ed\u6c34\uff08\u59cb\u7ec8\u51b7\u6c34\uff09<\/td>\n        <td><strong>\u4e0a\u5143\u4ef6<\/strong> \u4e0a\u5143\u4ef6\u6545\u969c\u3001\u4e0a\u6052\u6e29\u5668\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u7535\u6e90\u95ee\u9898<\/td>\n        <td>\u4e0a\u533a\u57df\u4ece\u672a\u52a0\u70ed\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6ca1\u6709\u70ed\u7684\u201c\u9876\u5c42\u6c34\u201d<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td>\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u70ed\u6c34\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u7528\u5b8c<\/td>\n        <td><strong>\u4e0b\u5143\u4ef6<\/strong> \u4e0b\u5143\u4ef6\u6545\u969c<\/td>\n        <td>\u4e0a\u5143\u4ef6\u4ea7\u751f\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\u70ed\u6c34\u533a\uff1b\u4e0b\u5143\u4ef6\u4ece\u672a\u6062\u590d\u6ee1\u6c34\u7bb1\u5bb9\u91cf<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td>\u7b49\u5f85\u540e\u6c34\u6e29\u4ecd\u4e3a\u6e29\u6c34<\/td>\n        <td>\u4e0b\u5143\u4ef6\u5f31\u5316\/\u6545\u969c\u3001\u4e25\u91cd\u6c34\u57a2\u6216\u6052\u6e29\u5668\u95ee\u9898<\/td>\n        <td>\u6c34\u7bb1\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6e29\u5ea6\u6216\u6062\u590d\u7f13\u6162<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td>\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u65ad\u8def\u5668\u8df3\u95f8<\/td>\n        <td>\u5143\u4ef6\u5bf9\u5730\u77ed\u8def\u6216\u7ebf\u8def\u6545\u969c<\/td>\n        <td>\u62a4\u5957\u7edd\u7f18\u5c42\u51fb\u7a7f\u53ef\u80fd\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7535\u6d41\u5230\u6c34\u7bb1\u63a5\u5730\u7aef<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td>\u6700\u8fd1\u66f4\u6362\u5143\u4ef6\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u518d\u6b21\u6545\u969c<\/td>\n        <td>\u5e72\u70e7\uff08\u6c34\u7bb1\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u6ce8\u6ee1\/\u6392\u6c14\u524d\u901a\u7535\uff09<\/td>\n        <td>\u672a\u6d78\u6ca1\u7684\u5143\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u70e7\u6bc1<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table>\n\n  <h2 id=\"safety\">3) \u6d4b\u8bd5\u524d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u67e5\u6e05\u5355<\/h2>\n  <div class=\"box warn\">\n    <strong>\u7535\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a240V\u3002.<\/strong>\n    <div class=\"small\" style=\"margin-top:.35rem;\">\n      \u5728\u63a5\u89e6\u4efb\u4f55\u7535\u7ebf\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u5173\u95ed\u65ad\u8def\u5668\u7535\u6e90\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u65ad\u7535\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5bf9\u7535\u6c14\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u8bf7\u505c\u6b62\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u8054\u7cfb\u5408\u683c\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u3002.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <h3>\u5728\u63a5\u89e6\u5143\u4ef6\u7aef\u5b50\u524d<\/h3>\n  <ol class=\"small\">\n    <li>\u5173\u95ed\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u7684\u7535\u8def\u65ad\u8def\u5668 <strong>\u65ad\u7535<\/strong> \u62c6\u4e0b\u4e0a\/\u4e0b\u68c0\u4fee\u76d6\u5e76\u5c0f\u5fc3\u62c9\u5f00\u4fdd\u6e29\u5c42\u3002.<\/li>\n    <li>\u62c6\u4e0b\u4e0a\uff08\u548c\u4e0b\uff09\u68c0\u4fee\u76d6\uff1b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u6298\u53e0\u9694\u70ed\u6750\u6599\u3002.<\/li>\n    <li><strong>\uff0c\u62c6\u4e0b\u5143\u4ef6\u76d6\u677f\uff0c\u5e76\u62c9\u5f00\u4fdd\u6e29\u5c42\u3002<\/strong> \u4f7f\u7528\u4e07\u7528\u8868\u5728\u7535\u538b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6d4b\u91cf\u5143\u4ef6\u7aef\u5b50\u3002.<\/li>\n    <li>\u5728\u65ad\u5f00\u4efb\u4f55\u63a5\u7ebf\u524d\uff0c\u62cd\u6444\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u63a5\u7ebf\u7167\u7247\u3002.<\/li>\n  <\/ol>\n\n  <div class=\"box note\">\n    <strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6392\u7a7a\u6c34\u7bb1\u5417\uff1f<\/strong>\n    <div class=\"small\" style=\"margin-top:.35rem;\">\n      \u901a\u5e38 <strong>\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/strong>. \u7535\u963b\/\u5bf9\u5730\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5728\u65ad\u7535\u4e14\u65ad\u5f00\u63a5\u7ebf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e8e\u5143\u4ef6\u7aef\u5b50\u5904\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u6392\u7a7a\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u6362\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8bca\u65ad\u3002.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <h2 id=\"testing\">4) \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6b65\u9aa4\uff08\u4e0a\u5143\u4ef6\u548c\u4e0b\u5143\u4ef6\uff09\uff1a\u7535\u963b + \u5bf9\u5730\u77ed\u8def\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h2>\n  <p>\n    \u8981\u5224\u65ad\u5143\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a\n    <strong>(A)<\/strong> \u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u4ef6\u7aef\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u963b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\n    <strong>(B)<\/strong> \u6bcf\u4e2a\u7aef\u5b50\u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c34\u7bb1\/\u5143\u4ef6\u5e95\u5ea7\uff08\u63a5\u5730\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u963b\u3002.\n  <\/p>\n\n  <div class=\"pillrow\" aria-label=\"\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\">\n    <div class=\"pill\"><strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5A<\/strong>\uff1a\u7aef\u5b50 \u2194 \u7aef\u5b50\uff08\u03a9\uff09<\/div>\n    <div class=\"pill\"><strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5B<\/strong>\uff1a\u7aef\u5b50 \u2192 \u6c34\u7bb1\uff08\u03a9 \/ \u901a\u65ad\uff09<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <h3>\u5206\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5148\u5bf9\u4e0a\u90e8\u5143\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u4e0b\u90e8\u5143\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\uff09<\/h3>\n  <ol class=\"small\">\n    <li>\u786e\u4fdd\u65ad\u8def\u5668\u5904\u4e8e\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7535\u6e90\u5df2\u5207\u65ad\u3002, <strong>\u65ad\u5f00\u4e24\u6839\u5bfc\u7ebf\u3002<\/strong> from the element terminals (isolate the element).<\/li>\n    <li>\u5c06\u4e07\u7528\u8868\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a <strong>\u03a9<\/strong>.<\/li>\n    <li><strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5A\uff1a<\/strong> \u7528\u4e24\u652f\u8868\u7b14\u5206\u522b\u63a5\u89e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u5b50\u3002\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bfb\u6570\u3002.\n      <ul class=\"small\">\n        <li><strong>OL\/\u221e<\/strong> = \u5143\u4ef6\u5f00\u8def\uff08\u6545\u969c\uff09<\/li>\n        <li><strong>\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6709\u9650\u03a9\u503c<\/strong> = \u5143\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u597d<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/li>\n    <li><strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5B\uff1a<\/strong> \u7528\u4e00\u652f\u8868\u7b14\u63a5\u89e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u5b50\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u53e6\u4e00\u652f\u8868\u7b14\u63a5\u89e6\u6c34\u7bb1\u7684\u88f8\u9732\u91d1\u5c5e\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u5b89\u88c5\u5ea7\/\u5e95\u5ea7\u3002\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u5b50\u91cd\u590d\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002.\n      <ul class=\"small\">\n        <li><strong>\u4efb\u4f55\u901a\u65ad\/\u4f4e\u03a9\u503c<\/strong> \u5bf9\u6c34\u7bb1 = \u5bf9\u5730\u77ed\u8def\uff08\u6545\u969c\uff09<\/li>\n        <li><strong>OL\/\u6781\u9ad8\u03a9\u503c<\/strong> \u5bf9\u6c34\u7bb1 = \u7edd\u7f18\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/li>\n  <\/ol>\n\n  <div class=\"box ok\">\n    <strong>\u5408\u683c\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u6700\u5b9e\u7528\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\n    <div class=\"small\" style=\"margin-top:.35rem;\">\n      <ul style=\"margin:.35rem 0 0 1.1rem;\">\n        <li>\u7aef\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\uff1a\u6709\u9650\u4e14\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7535\u963b\uff08\u975eOL\uff09\u3002.<\/li>\n        <li>\u7aef\u5b50\u5bf9\u6c34\u7bb1\uff1a\u65e0\u901a\u65ad\/\u6781\u9ad8\u7535\u963b\u3002.<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <h2 id=\"sequence\">5) \u6700\u4f73\u6d4b\u8bd5\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u6700\u5feb\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u54ea\u4e2a\u5143\u4ef6\uff1f\u201d\uff09<\/h2>\n  <p>\n    \u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u6700\u5feb\u8def\u5f84\u83b7\u5f97\u660e\u786e\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u8bf7\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u987a\u5e8f\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a\n  <\/p>\n\n  <div class=\"grid two\">\n    <div class=\"card\">\n      <h3>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9047\u5230 <em>\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/em> \u70ed\u6c34<\/h3>\n      <ol class=\"small\">\n        <li>\u68c0\u67e5\u7535\u6e90\/\u65ad\u8def\u5668\u53ca\u9ad8\u6e29\u9650\u5236\u590d\u4f4d\u6309\u94ae\uff08\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7684\u578b\u53f7\u6709\u6b64\u529f\u80fd\uff09\u3002.<\/li>\n        <li>\u6d4b\u8bd5 <strong>\u4e0a\u90e8\u5143\u4ef6<\/strong> \uff08\u6d4b\u8bd5A\u548cB\uff09\u3002.<\/li>\n        <li>\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u90e8\u5143\u4ef6\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5219\u6d4b\u8bd5 <strong>\u4e0b\u90e8\u5143\u4ef6<\/strong>.<\/li>\n        <li>\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u8005\u5747\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5219\u8f6c\u81f3\u6052\u6e29\u5668\/\u63a7\u5236\u8bca\u65ad\u3002.<\/li>\n      <\/ol>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"card\">\n      <h3>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9047\u5230 <em>\u6709<\/em> \u70ed\u6c34\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u7528\u5b8c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/h3>\n      <ol class=\"small\">\n        <li>\u6d4b\u8bd5 <strong>\u4e0b\u90e8\u5143\u4ef6<\/strong> \u9996\u5148\uff08\u6d4b\u8bd5A\u548cB\uff09\u3002.<\/li>\n        <li>\u7136\u540e\u6d4b\u8bd5 <strong>\u4e0a\u90e8\u5143\u4ef6<\/strong>.<\/li>\n        <li>\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u8005\u5747\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u8bf7\u68c0\u67e5\u6052\u6e29\u5668\u3001\u5bfc\u6d41\u7ba1\u53ca\u6062\u590d\u9884\u671f\u3002.<\/li>\n      <\/ol>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <h3>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u4e0a\u90e8\u4e0e\u4e0b\u90e8\u201d\u6545\u969c\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0d\u540c<\/h3>\n  <p class=\"small muted\">\n    \u5f53\u4e0a\u90e8\u5143\u4ef6\u5f00\u8def\u65f6\uff0c\u6c34\u7bb1\u53ef\u80fd\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f62\u6210\u70ed\u6c34\u9876\u5c42\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6c34\u9f99\u5934\u4fdd\u6301\u51b7\u6c34\u3002\u5f53\u4e0b\u90e8\u5143\u4ef6\u5f00\u8def\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u70ed\u6c34\uff08\u4e0a\u90e8\u533a\u57df\u52a0\u70ed\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u653e\u51fa\u51e0\u52a0\u4ed1\u6c34\u540e\uff0c\u6c34\u7bb1\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u8865\u5145\u70ed\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u540c\u6837\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u70ed\u6c34\u201d\u6295\u8bc9\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ef4\u4fee\u3002.\n  <\/p>\n\n  <h2 id=\"replace\">6) \u5982\u679c\u5143\u4ef6\u6545\u969c\uff1a\u66f4\u6362\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff08\u9ad8\u5c42\u9762\uff09<\/h2>\n  <p>\n    \u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u663e\u793a\u5143\u4ef6\u5f00\u8def\u6216\u77ed\u8def\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6362\u2014\u2014\u5b89\u5168\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e0e\u6273\u624b\u64cd\u4f5c\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u5178\u578b\u5236\u9020\u5546\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002.\n  <\/p>\n\n  <div class=\"box warn\">\n    <strong>\u5173\u952e\u8b66\u544a\uff1a<\/strong>\n    <div class=\"small\" style=\"margin-top:.35rem;\">\n      \u5728 <strong>\u4e0d\u80fd<\/strong> \u6c34\u7bb1\u5b8c\u5168\u5145\u6ee1\u6c34\u4e14\u6240\u6709\u7a7a\u6c14\u6392\u5c3d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5207\u52ff\u6062\u590d\u7535\u6e90\u3002\u5728\u201c\u5e72\u70e7\u201d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7ed9\u5143\u4ef6\u901a\u7535\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u70e7\u6bc1\u5143\u4ef6\u3002.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <h3>\u66f4\u6362\u6b65\u9aa4\uff08\u6458\u8981\uff09<\/h3>\n  <ol class=\"small\">\n    <li>\u8fd0\u884c\u70ed\u6c34\u76f4\u81f3\u5176\u53d8\u51c9\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u898110\u5206\u949f\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u70eb\u4f24\u98ce\u9669\u3002.<\/li>\n    <li>\u5173\u95ed\u51b7\u6c34\u4f9b\u6c34\u9600\u3002.<\/li>\n    <li>\u5c06\u82b1\u56ed\u8f6f\u7ba1\u8fde\u63a5\u81f3\u6392\u6c34\u9600\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u5f15\u81f3\u6392\u6c34\u53e3\/\u5ba4\u5916\/\u6c34\u6876\u3002.<\/li>\n    <li>\u6253\u5f00\u6392\u6c34\u9600\uff0c\u5c06\u6c34\u7bb1\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u7a7a\uff08\u6253\u5f00\u70ed\u6c34\u9f99\u5934\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6392\u6c34\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u6c34\u57a2\u5835\u585e\uff0c\u8bf7\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002.<\/li>\n    <li>\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u4ef6\u6273\u624b\u62161 1\/2\u82f1\u5bf8\u6df1\u5957\u7b52\u62c6\u4e0b\u6545\u969c\u5143\u4ef6\u3002.<\/li>\n    <li>\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u67e5\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u94ed\u724c\u4e0a\u7684\u7535\u538b\u548c\u529f\u7387\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u65b0\u5143\u4ef6\u578b\u53f7\u6b63\u786e\u3002.<\/li>\n    <li>\u6e05\u6d01\u6c34\u7bb1\u87ba\u7eb9\uff1b\u5728\u5143\u4ef6\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u57ab\u5708\u3002.<\/li>\n    <li>\u5728\u57ab\u5708\u4e0a\u6ef4\u4e00\u6ef4\u5bb6\u7528\u6d17\u6d01\u7cbe\u8fdb\u884c\u6da6\u6ed1\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u62e7\u7d27\u65f6\u635f\u574f\u57ab\u5708\u3002.<\/li>\n    <li>\u5b89\u88c5\u65b0\u5143\u4ef6\u5e76\u62e7\u7d27\u3002.<\/li>\n    <li>\u7262\u56fa\u5730\u91cd\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u7535\u6e90\u7ebf\uff08\u4fdd\u6301\u65ad\u8def\u5668\u5904\u4e8e\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001\uff09\u3002.<\/li>\n    <li>\u5173\u95ed\u6392\u6c34\u9600\uff1b\u6253\u5f00\u51b7\u6c34\u9600\u91cd\u65b0\u6ce8\u6ee1\u6c34\u7bb1\u3002.<\/li>\n    <li>\u62c6\u4e0b\u6700\u8fd1\u70ed\u6c34\u9f99\u5934\u4e0a\u7684\u8d77\u6ce1\u5668\uff1b\u8fd0\u884c\u70ed\u6c34\u76f4\u81f3\u6c34\u6d41\u8fde\u7eed\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c <strong>\u4e09\u5206\u949f<\/strong> \u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u7a7a\u6c14\u3002.<\/li>\n    <li>\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6cc4\u6f0f\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6392\u7a7a\u6c34\u7bb1\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u57ab\u5708\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u88c5\/\u66f4\u6362\u57ab\u5708\u3002.<\/li>\n    <li>\u88c5\u56de\u5851\u6599\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f69\u3001\u4fdd\u6e29\u5c42\u548c\u76d6\u677f\u3002.<\/li>\n    <li>\u6253\u5f00\u65ad\u8def\u5668\u3002\u9884\u8ba1\u9700\u8981 <strong>\u4e24\u5c0f\u65f6<\/strong> \u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6062\u590d\u3002.<\/li>\n  <\/ol>\n\n  <h2 id=\"passed\">7) \u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u4ef6\u5747\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h2>\n  <p>\n    \u5f53\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5747\u6b63\u5e38\uff08\u7aef\u5b50\u95f4\u6709\u9650\u7535\u963b\uff0c\u65e0\u5bf9\u5730\u77ed\u8def\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u70ed\u6c34\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u3001\u63a5\u7ebf\u6216\u4f9b\u6c34\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0a\u3002.\n  <\/p>\n\n  <div class=\"grid two\">\n    <div class=\"card\">\n      <h3>\u6052\u6e29\u5668\/\u9ad8\u6e29\u9650\u5236\u5668<\/h3>\n      <p class=\"small\">\n        \u53cc\u5143\u4ef6\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u4f9d\u8d56\u6052\u6e29\u5668\u5728\u4e0a\u90e8\u548c\u4e0b\u90e8\u5143\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u7535\u6e90\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5143\u4ef6\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u6545\u969c\u7684\u6052\u6e29\u5668\u6216\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u9ad8\u6e29\u9650\u5236\u5668\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u505c\u6b62\u52a0\u70ed\u3002.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"card\">\n      <h3>\u63a5\u7ebf\u4e0e\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n      <p class=\"small\">\n        \u677e\u52a8\u7684\u87ba\u4e1d\u3001\u8fc7\u70ed\u7684\u7aef\u5b50\u548c\u635f\u574f\u7684\u7edd\u7f18\u5c42\u53ef\u80fd\u4e2d\u65ad\u7535\u6d41\u3002\u7aef\u5b50\u5904\u7684\u8fc7\u70ed\u635f\u4f24\u662f\u7535\u963b\u589e\u5927\u548c\u7535\u5f27\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"card\">\n      <h3>\u6c34\u57a2\/\u73af\u5883<\/h3>\n      <p class=\"small\">\n        \u6c34\u8d28\u5316\u5b66\u7279\u6027\u53ca\u6c34\u57a2\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u70ed\u4f20\u9012\u6548\u7387\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u70ed\u70b9\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u201c\u826f\u597d\u201d\u7684\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e25\u91cd\u7ed3\u57a2\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"card\">\n      <h3>\u9884\u671f\u4e0e\u5bb9\u91cf<\/h3>\n      <p class=\"small\">\n        \u9ad8\u70ed\u6c34\u9700\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u6c34\u7bb1\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0b\u90e8\u52a0\u70ed\u5143\u4ef6\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b63\u5e38\u4f46\u6062\u590d\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u8bf7\u786e\u8ba4\u6c34\u7bb1\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <hr>\n\n  <h2 id=\"faq\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary>\u4e0a\u4e0b\u52a0\u70ed\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u7535\u963b\u503c\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<\/summary>\n    <p class=\"small\">\n      \u901a\u5e38\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u529f\u7387\uff0c\u8bfb\u6570\u4e5f\u4f1a\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u603b\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u4ef6\u5728\u5176\u7aef\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u663e\u793a\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e14\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7535\u963b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4e0e\u6c34\u7bb1\u5f62\u6210\u5bfc\u901a\u3002.\n    <\/p>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary>\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u66f4\u6362\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u4ef6\uff1f<\/summary>\n    <p class=\"small\">\n      \u53ef\u4ee5\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u663e\u793a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u4ef6\u6545\u969c\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u623f\u4e3b\u4ec5\u66f4\u6362\u6545\u969c\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u8001\u65e7\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u4ef6\u5747\u663e\u793a\u635f\u574f\/\u6c34\u57a2\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u6362\u4e24\u4e2a\u53ef\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u590d\u7ef4\u4fee\u3002.\n    <\/p>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0a\u90e8\u5143\u4ef6\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u5148\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\uff1f<\/summary>\n    <p class=\"small\">\n      \u539f\u56e0\u5404\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5e38\u89c1\u56e0\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7ef4\u4fee\/\u8865\u6c34\u540e\u7684\u5e72\u70e7\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u95ee\u9898\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u8fc7\u5ea6\u52a0\u70ed\u3001\u6216\u4f20\u70ed\u4e0d\u826f\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u70ed\u70b9\u3002\u73af\u5883\u548c\u70ed\u5faa\u73af\u4e5f\u4f1a\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u4ef6\u5bff\u547d\u3002.\n    <\/p>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary>\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u52a0\u70ed\u5143\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/summary>\n    <p class=\"small\">\n      \u8bb8\u591a\u50a8\u6c34\u5f0f\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u91c7\u7528\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\/\u62a4\u5957\u5f0f\u5143\u4ef6\uff1a\u5bfc\u7535\u7ebf\u5708\u7f6e\u4e8e\u7edd\u7f18\u6750\u6599\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u6c27\u5316\u9541\uff09\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u518d\u5305\u88f9\u91d1\u5c5e\u62a4\u5957\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5411\u6c34\u4e2d\u4f20\u5bfc\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0e\u6c34\u7bb1\u7535\u6c14\u9694\u79bb\u5e76\u5b8c\u5168\u6d78\u6ca1\u3002.\n    <\/p>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <p class=\"small muted\" style=\"margin-top:1rem;\">\n    \u514d\u8d23\u58f0\u660e\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u60a8\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u624b\u518c\u3001\u6807\u7b7e\u6216\u5f53\u5730\u5b89\u5168\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u7535\u6c14\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6216\u53d1\u73b0\u7ebf\u8def\u635f\u574f\uff0c\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u5408\u683c\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u3002.\n  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